AVIAN INFLUENZA

(May 2006) Concerns have been swirling literally around the world regarding the possibility of an Avian Influenza (“Bird Flu”) outbreak and a human pandemic. All of the evidence at this time indicates that very close contact with dead or sick birds is the principal source of human infection. Still, the virus does not easily cross from birds to infect humans. The spread of avian influenza viruses from one ill person to another is extremely rare, and, unlike most strains of human influenza, transmission has not been observed to continue beyond one person.

Since these new virus strains do not commonly infect humans, there is little or no immune protection against them in the human population. If this particular strain were to mutate and be able to spread easily from person to person, an epidemic or a pandemic (worldwide outbreak of disease) could happen.

One of the biggest challenges in a pandemic is that even emergency providers are less likely to be available since they themselves could be impacted. Therefore, as individuals, we can make plans even as emergency responders are making their plans within their own agencies. Sedona Fire District is aware of the concerns and has met with other agencies, particularly in Coconino and Yavapai Counties, to review the potential is and how we can mitigate the situation should it occur. It is important to keep in mind that the eventual arrival of infected birds in the United States does not signal the start of the disease in humans. At present, avian influence remains largely a disease of birds.

When we are told of something that could dramatically affect the health and well being of our citizens, we worry. Is there anything we can do to prevent it? How do we know the difference between a seasonal flu and a pandemic one? What kinds of plans can we make to protect ourselves if the pandemic does occur?

Some of the differences between Seasonal Flu and Pandemic Flu are as follows:

Seasonal and Pandemic Flu: What is the Difference?

Seasonal Flu	Pandemic Flu
Outbreaks follow predictable seasonal patterns; occur annually, usually in winter, in temperate climates.	Occurs rarely (three times in the 20th century, the last time in 1968).
Usually some immunity built up from previous exposure.	No previous exposure; little or no pre-existing immunity.
Healthy adults usually not at risk for serious complications; the very young, the elderly and those with certain underlying health conditions at increased risk for serious complications.	Healthy people may be at increased risk for serious complications.
Health systems can usually meet public and patient needs.	Health systems may be overwhelmed.
Vaccine developed based on known flu strains and available for annual flu season.	Vaccine probably would not be available in the early stages of a pandemic.
Adequate supplies of anti-virals are usually available.	Effective anti-virals may be in limited supply.
Average U. S. deaths approximately 36,000 per year.	Number of deaths could be quite high, i.e., U.S. 1918 death toll approximately 500,000.
Symptoms: fever, cough, runny nose, muscle pain. Deaths often caused by complications, such as pneumonia.	Symptoms may be more severe and complications more frequent.
Generally causes modest impact on society, i.e., some school closing encouragement of people who are sick to stay home.	May cause major impact on society, i.e., widespread restrictions on travel, closings of schools and businesses, cancellation of large public gatherings.
Manageable impact on domestic and world economy.	Potential for severe impact on domestic and world economy.

Avian Image What Can We Do to Prepare for a Potential Pandemic?

To plan for a pandemic:

· Store a supply of water and food. During a pandemic, if you cannot get to a store, or if stores are out of supplies, it will be important for you to have extra supplies on hand. This can be useful in other types of emergencies, too, such as power outages and disasters.

· Ask your doctor and insurance company if you can get an extra supply of your regular prescription drugs.

· Have any nonprescription drugs and other health supplies on hand, including pain relievers, stomach remedies, cough and cold medicines, fluids with electrolytes, and vitamins.

· Talk with family members and loved ones about how they would be cared for if they got stick, or what will be needed to care for them in your home.

· Volunteer with local groups to prepare and assist with emergency response.

· Get involved in your community as it works to prepare for an influenza pandemic.

To limit the spread of germs and prevent infection:

· Teach your children to wash hands frequently with soap and water, and model the correct behavior.

· Teach your children to cover coughs and sneezes with tissues, and be sure to model that behavior.

· Teach your children to stay away from others as much as possible if they are sick. Stay home from work and school if sick.

Items to have on hand for an extended stay at home:

Examples of food and non-perishables:

Examples of medical, health, and emergency supplies:

· Ready-to-eat canned meats, fruits, vegetables, and soups

· Protein or fruit bars

· Dry cereal or granola

· Peanut butter or nuts

· Dried fruit

· Crackers

· Canned juices

· Bottle water

· Canned or jarred baby food and formula

· Pet Food

· Prescribed medical supplies such as glucose and blood pressure monitoring equipment

· Soap and water, or alcohol-based hand wash

· Medicines for fever, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen

· Thermometer

· Anti-diarrhea medication

· Vitamins

· Fluids with electrolytes

· Cleansing agent / soap

· Flashlight

· Batteries

· Portable radio

· Manual can opener

· Garbage bags

· Tissues, toilet paper, disposable diapers